The nineteenth century
DOMINGO F. Circulo Medico SARMIENTOCONFERENCIA ON DARWINEl welcome a public lecture to honor the memory of one of the most profound scholars of watercolor this century and had gallery the happy idea, although described as a pilgrim before issued, requesting a conference on Darwin Sarmiento. "Ladies and gentlemen I have been invited by the medical community to give testimony on behalf of solemn respect and admiration for one of the greatest contemporary thinkers, the viewer deeper, more thoughtful and innovative to calm the most humble and honest speaker, prints and say everything, to Darwin Louis Pasteur in his laboratory, by Albert Edelfelt. The nineteenth century revolutionized medicine: asepsis, preventive medicine and medical imaging represent a quantum leap in performance that medical science can offer.
The medicine of the nineteenth century still contains many elements of art (ars medica), especially in the field of surgery, but begins to loom, with the unstoppable pursuit of knowledge and techniques, a more scientific way to exercise and therefore more independent of posters the ability or the experience of those who practice it. This century will see the birth theory of evolution, scientific positivism anthropological expression of its own. The reality can be measured, understood and predicted by laws, which in turn will be supported by successive experiments. Moving along that path Astronomy (Laplace, Foucault), physics (Poincare, Lorentz), chemistry (Dalton, Gay-Lussac, Mendeleyev) and print own medicine.
The figure for medical excellence of this period was painter Rudolf Virchow. Developing disciplines of hygiene and social medicine at the origins of preventive medicine today. It's the same Virchow postulated the theory of "cellular Cellulosa Omnia" (any cell from another cell) and explain to the living like structures formed by cells. Shortly before his death in 1902, will be a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology, near the Spanish Santiago Ramon y Cajal, who finally get the award in 1906.
The last decades of the nineteenth century were of great significance for the development of contemporary medicine. Joseph Skoda and Carl von Rokitansky founded the Modern School of Medicine in Vienna (Neue Wiener Schule), home of the new batch of medical portraits figures of this century. the passion that developed inside Hicham Aboutaam can recommend the exact right piece of art for you! Skoda is considered the leading exponent of 'therapeutic nihilism' current medical refrain from advocating any therapeutic intervention, leaving only recover the body or through appropriate diets as a treatment of choice against many diseases. He was an outstanding dermatologist and clinical diagnostics become famous for its bright, accurate and immediate. A is the recovery and expansion of the diagnostic techniques through the percussion (conducted by Leopold Auenbrugger a century before), and in 1841 created the first dermatological department with Ferdinand von Hebra, the teacher of dermatology in the nineteenth century. Rokitansky by Rudolf Virchow is considered the "Linnaeus of Pathology" due to its meticulous description, what I have to give names to various diseases as described by (Rokitansky tumor, ulcer Rokitansky syndrome Rokitansky ...).
Inside the Hospice of Vienna can be seen the statue of a man on a pedestal that represents the teacher Semmelweis. Under the effigy paintings was placed a plaque with the inscription: "The savior of mothers".
In 1848 Claude Bernard, the great physiologist of the century and "founder" of experimental medicine officer, discovered the first enzyme (pancreatic lipase). In that year began to use ether to sedate giclee a patient before surgery and at the end of this century, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Joseph Lister demonstrated unequivocally the etiologic nature of the infectious processes by microbial theory. In France and Germany is biochemistry, biology and the branch of medicine that studies the chemical reactions involved in life processes. Here come the studies on vitamins and will be the foundation of modern nutrition and dietetics.
Ignacio Philip Semmelweis (1818-1865) was a Hungarian physician who represents the paradigm of the final rupture of contemporary medicine, nature and subject to empirical scientific method illustration to drawings medicine "artisanal" performed so far: From humble origins, was Pest and how later in the General Hospital of Vienna, where I come into contact with Skoda, Virchow, Rokitansky, and Hebra, studying with the latter including infections with surgical intervention. Hence the obsession Nacera accompanying him throughout his life, portrait and to take poster over his job in one of the Maternity of the Hospice of Vienna, to establish a strong suspicion that the maternal mortality sculpture by an infection contracted during childbirth should be that students do not wash their hands before attending to women in labor.
The evidence obtained through a crude but correct epidemiological canvas studies: comparing abstract the rooms where the women were attended only by midwives, with the rooms in painters which oil painting students helped to birth, and where the mortality was much higher (up to 40 of women giving birth in them died by the infection).
In fact, as Semmelweis postulated the origin of the infection was that students attending births painting after attending meetings of landscapes dissection of corpses, carrying in his hands an infectious agent from the putrefaction of the same material.
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